While scant information exists on the state’s pre-Hispanic era, the Huastecos, Chichimecas and ...read more, Mexicans first declared their independence in Querétaro, one of Mexico’s smallest states. MexConnect is Mexico’s top English-language online magazine, providing quality information about Mexico and promoting Mexico to the world. The history of Chihuahua’s indigenous groups is a story of resistance against the intrusions of southern forces, Spaniards, French emigrees, and Indian laborers who settled in Chihuahua to work as laborers (and avoid the excessive taxation of central Mexico). This rebellion also met with defeat. An understanding of Chihuahua’s indigenous inhabitants from the pre-Hispanic era to the 19th century requires an imagination that dispenses with national borders. In 1786, the Viceroy of Nueva Espana, Bernardo de Galvez, instituted a series of reforms for the pacification of the frontier. Peasant revolutionary leader Francisco "Pancho" Villa fought throughout Chihuahua, demanding that the peasants be apportioned land and be recognized as legitimate participants in Mexican politics. Chasing Shadows: Indians Along the United States-Mexico Border 1876-1911 (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1998). Union membership has declined, and much of the state’s labor force has resisted the implementation of the agreement. Early HistoryVery little information exists about Durango’s pre-colonial past. Manufacturers such as Toshiba, JVC and Honeywell have facilities in the state’s recently developed industrial parks. The Varohao (or Guarijao) Indians are closely related to and speak a language very similar to the Tarahumara. They were linguistically related to the Athapaskan speakers of Alaska and western Canada and worked their way south over a period of centuries. Although the military garrisons at El Paso and Ciudad Juárez were both built in 1598, the Spanish colonizers exerted fairly loose control over the region during most of the 16th century. Tensions developed between the miners and the hacienda owners who continued to force indigenous groups into slavery. However, in 1631, a vast new silver strike was made at Parral in what is now southern Chihuahua.

From Casas Grandes to El Paso, Conchos, Sumas, Chinarras, Mansos, Janos, and Apachean Jocomes all took up arms.

Basaseachic Falls is the second-highest waterfall in Mexico and the 28th highest in the world. Your email address will not be published. It was actually a widespread revolt that spread throughout all of Chihuahua and Durango. The Coahuiltecan tribes roamed through parts of Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon and most of Texas west of San Antonio River and Cibolo Creek. The largest state in Mexico, Chihuahua is headquarters for the world’s fifth largest oil company, Pertróleos Mexicanos. Guy and Thomas E. Sheridan (eds.

The Concho Indians lived near the junction of the Rio Concho River and Rio Grande Rivers in northern Chihuahua. It is believed that the epidemics that struck the Tepehuanes population in 1594, 1601-02, 1606-07, and 1612-1615 became a catalyst for this rebellion. The largest indigenous groups represented in Chihuahua were: Tarahumara (70,842), Tepehuan (6,178), Nahua (1,011), Guarijio (917), Mazahua (740), Mixteco (603), Zapoteco (477), Pima (346), Chinanteco (301), and Otomi (220). Puebla is also the home of Mole Poblano, a traditional Mexican dish. During the 18th century a new threat would appear in Chihuahua. The Suma Indians joined some of the missions that the Spanish missionaries set up during the 17th and 18th Centuries. The present-day towns of Presidio (Texas) and Ojinaga (Chihuahua) lay at the center of this region. Salmon, Robert Mario. Of these groups, only the Tarahumara, Tepehuan, Guarijio and Pima-speakers are indigenous to Chihuahua and adjacent states. The Apaches continued to defy both Mexico and the United States for many years until 1886, when Geronimo, the famous Chiricahua leader, surrendered in the Sierra Madres to American forces that had crossed the border for the special purpose of capturing Geronimo.

Recent History Across the top is an image of the old Chihuahuan aqueduct. And many of the Chihuahua Amerindians do in fact share common roots with the Native Americans of New Mexico and Texas. However, the steps taken to contain the Apache depredations had limited effect and, by 1737, Captain Juan Mateo Mange reported that “many mines have been destroyed, 15 large estancias along the frontier has been totally destroyed, having lost two hundred head of cattle, mules, and horses; several missions have been burned and two hundred Christians have lost their lives to the Apache enemy, who sustains himself only with the bow and arrow, killing and stealing livestock. La Huasteca, a fertile lowland ...read more, Famous as Pancho Villa’s home state, as well as for its scenic waterfalls, hot springs and nature preservers, Durango is also a leading supplier of timber and wood products. The Pescado Indians – named for the Spanish word for fish – lived along the Rio Grande along northern border of Chihuahua and in parts of Texas. Many Spaniards poured into the region, forcing the indigenous population to work the mines. Sinaloa, the “Breadbasket of Mexico,” ...read more, San Luis Potosí, which has some of the richest silver mines in Mexico, is also where Gonzales Bocanegra wrote the Mexican national anthem in 1854. By the middle of the 18th Century, Apache depredations along the entire frontier region, including Chihuahua, had caused taken its toll Spaniard and Indian alike. Casas Grandes, located in the northern portion of the state, is the most important archaeological zone in Chihuahua. Very abruptly, in 1644, nearly all of the general area north and east of the Parral district of Chihuahua was aflame with Indian rebellion as the Tobosos, Cabezas, and Salineros rose in revolt. Required fields are marked *. Starvation caused hundreds of Indians to die. Chihuahua’s coat of arms bears a shield with a red border. They are thought to be related to the Mogollon culture people (200 CE- 1450 CE). It is believed that the epidemics that struck the Tepehuanes population in 1594, 1601-02, 1606-07, and 1612-1615 became a catalyst for this rebellion.

By utilizing Mexico’s deep-water port at Puerto Topolobompo, trade routes would be decreased by some 400 miles. Out of a total population of 14,334,780 in the Mexican Republic, 4,179,449 – or 29.2% – claimed to be of pure indigenous background, while 8,504,561 – or 59.3% – were of mixed origins.

Today, the Tarahumara are a people whose rich spiritual ideology and strong cultural identity have persevered despite the intrusion of foreign customs. Search our pet adverts for puppies dogs ... Save my name email and website in this browser for the next time i comment. However, Mexico’s independence in 1821 forced leaders in Chihuahua to join the new country. https://www.history.com/topics/mexico/chihuahua. It is also where one of the smallest canine breeds, the Chihuahua, originated. In 1973, Mexico’s first geothermal power plant, which draws heat from the earth’s interior, began operation at Cierro Prieto, Chihuahua, near the U.S. border. Professor Robert Salmon, the author of Indian Revolts in Northern New Spain: A Synthesis of Resistance (1680-1786), writes that, by the end of the 18th century, “Indian warriors exacted high tolls in commerce, livestock, and lives.”, Professor Griffen has explained that the Apache raids played a significant role in the assimilation of the Chihuahua indigenous groups, stating that the Apache raiders “displaced or assimilated other groups of hunter-gatherers known as the Sumas, Mansos, Chinarras, Sumanos, Jocomes, and Janos.”, During the 18th century, the Comanche Indians had also begun to raid Spanish settlements throughout Texas and northern Chihuahua.

Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute("id","aa1d6e94222321219211f92a7565262c");document.getElementById("f7c26f5ad8").setAttribute("id","comment"); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. His expedition spanned the territory between Florida in the United States and the Mexican state of Sinaloa. ), Contested Ground: Comparative Frontiers on the Northern and Southern Edges of the Spanish Empire, pp.