The term flexible response first appeared in U.S. General Maxwell D. Taylor’s book The Uncertain Trumpet (1960), which sharply criticized U.S. national security policy. Gorbachev’s new posture gave a new twist to the long-standing debate within NATO over nuclear deterrence. The lines of attack included diplomatic measures (such as pursuing strong relations with potential allies while being ready to withdraw embassy personnel on short notice), political measures (such as increasing the dialogue with the press and releasing frequent public policy statements), economic measures (such as increasing or canceling American aid to other countries), and, perhaps most important, military measures (such as modernizing the U.S. missile fleet, increasing conventional capabilities, and intensifying training for special forces).

Gump in Vietnam. The New Look approach relied heavily on the capacity for a devastating assault with nuclear weapons—the strategy of massive retaliation—to fight Soviet military provocations, regardless of whether they involved nuclear weapons or not. The Counterculture. The new administration strongly believed that the United States should have a wide variety of military and nonmilitary responses to communist provocations. Flexible Response gave the president the ability to select from nonmilitary options, as well as military options, when responding to a crisis and allowed the United States to meet each hostile action with a proportional reaction. Flexible Response First goal of JFK admin was to build up nation's armed forces warning that the Soviets were opening a missile gap. The Ballot or the Bullet. 1968 Olympics. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Gorbachev’s new posture gave a new twist to the long-standing debate within NATO over nuclear deterrence. Viet Cong. During the Cold War, Flexible Response contributed to both the avoidance of nuclear conflict and the proliferation of limited yet vicious military clashes. To underline the…. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The strategy was quite costly, however, because developing and maintaining sizable conventional and unconventional weapons, as well as various kinds of military personnel, required considerable expenditures.

Flexible Response, also called Flexible Deterrent Options (FDO), U.S. defense strategy in which a wide range of diplomatic, political, economic, and military options are used to deter an enemy attack. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! Flexible Response was an alternative to President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s New Look national security policy.

Those began to surface…, …the United States capable of flexible response by expanding conventional armed forces as well. The New Feminism.

Flexible response This was Kennedy's plan to deal with foreign powers by not always resorting to the threat of nuclear weapons (massive retaliation), but by using specialists like the Green Beret. mustanggirl.

Duck n' Cover. Already, the US had a great nuclear arsenal but the new admin wanted to put the Sovieys on the defensive so they increased their arsenal which created, if it ever happened, a successful first strike. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. APUSH Chapter 38 Key Terms and People. The United States’ allies had already learned to live with unavoidable doubts over the quality of the U.S. nuclear guarantee of European security. 28 terms. Although the combination of diplomacy, economic sanctions, and a threatening military posture solved some crises, including the Cuban missile crisis and the 1965 coup d’état in the Dominican Republic, the same combination failed to bring about a positive resolution to the Vietnam War. The Traumas of 1968. Kennedy presented to Congress an outline of a strategy that would come to be known as Flexible Deterrent Options in March 1961, and it was adopted as an official national security policy of the United States. 29 terms. Flexible response -Strategy to battle communism that called for the development of an array of military options that could be precisely matched to the gravity of the situation at hand -Response to Laotian civil war -Led to increased spending on conventional military forces and bolstered Special Forces

The strategy had the effect of increasing the credibility of the U.S. military, because it was able to leverage an appropriate proportional response to different kinds of crises (which would deter an enemy’s appetite for smaller, limited wars), while also reassuring allied countries. 1950's Television. -Army of idealistic and mostly youthful volunteers to bring American skills to underdeveloped countries, -Barbed-wire and concrete barrier designed to plug the heavy population drain from East Germany to West Germany through the Berlin funnel, -Authorized tariff cuts of up to 50 percent to promote trade with countries in the European Economic Community, -Left the presidency of Ford to take over the Defense Department during JFK's administration, -Strategy to battle communism that called for the development of an array of military options that could be precisely matched to the gravity of the situation at hand, -CIA-backed scheme to topple Fidel Castro from power by invading Cuba with anticommunist exiles, -Pact prohibiting trial nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, -29 year old black war veteran who encountered violent opposition when he attempted to enroll in Ole Miss, -Peaceful march of more than 200,000 blacks and whites in support of JFK's proposed civil rights legislation to protect black citizens, -Texan who took over as President after JFK died, -Banned racial discrimination in most private facilities open to the public, including theaters, hospitals, and restaurants, -Abolished the national origins quota system, -Made heartening headway against racial discrimination, -Abolished the poll tax in federal elections, -Massive voter-registration drive in Mississippi, -Bloody uprising by blacks near Los Angeles enraged by police brutality, -Black leader inspired by the militant black nationalists in Islam, -Militant group that brandished weapons to secure themselves during social action, -Regular full-scale bombing attacks against North Vietnam, -The Viet Cong suddenly and simultaneously mounted savage attacks on 27 key South Vietnamese cities, -Former governor of Alabama who ran on the American Independent party ticket for President in 1968, -Newly negative American attitude toward all kinds of authority that took hold everywhere in the 1960s, -People who made antipoverty and antiwar campaigns. mustanggirl. Kennedy paid special attention to the training of counterinsurgency “special forces.”…, …a policy known as “flexible response.” Rather than an all-or-nothing nuclear exchange, this envisaged a staged escalation of NATO’s response to a Soviet invasion, based on containing the initial thrust of the Soviet forces and warning them of the consequences of further encroachment on NATO’s territory. Elite anti-guerrilla military units expanded by Kennedy as part of his doctrine of "flexible response" Alliance for Progress An attempt to provide American aid for democratic reform in Latin America that … The Youth Culture. The Mobilization of Minorities. Elvis & Rock. The United States’ allies had... Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription.

shilton. This article was most recently revised and updated by, Development of the Flexible Deterrent Options strategy, GlobalSecurity.org - Flexible Deterrent Options. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization adopted the strategy in 1967. the buildup of conventional troops and weapons to allow a nation to fight a limited war without using nuclear weapons. ... APUSH Chapter 39 Key Terms and People. Like most Cold War strategies, Flexible Response yielded mixed results. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Many felt that a new, more-flexible approach was needed to address such low-level “brushfire” conflicts. Environmentalism. By 1960, however, U.S. public opinion was turning against New Look because it was not effective in stemming communist-inspired Third World revolutions. Flexible Response, also called Flexible Deterrent Options (FDO), U.S. defense strategy in which a wide range of diplomatic, political, economic, and military options are used to deter an enemy attack. U.S. Becomes Involved in Vietnam. Flexible Response.

Chapter 30. 29 terms.

Flexible Response. APUSH Chapter 40. Almost as soon as he moved into the White House in 1961, President John F. Kennedy instructed his advisers to begin drafting a new strategy to safeguard the U.S. role in the world. New Look was considered inexpensive because the Eisenhower administration thought it could deter all forms of aggression by the Soviet Union and China without maintaining large conventional military forces. Initially designed to thwart communist expansion more effectively, the strategy has become a fundamental principle of American military thinking. ... Post AP Exam Lessons.