If the information you are looking for is not here, you may be able to find it on the EPA Web Archive or the January 19, 2017 Web Snapshot. Industries had used this dumpsite from 1961 to 1987. [10] Because that deadline was not achieved, amendments were passed in 1988 that extended the deadline to December 1991. Ocean Dumping Act: A Summary of the Law. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. [4][13] The establishment of these sanctuaries is important in helping to promote comprehensive management of their special conservation, recreational, ecological, historical, research, educational, or aesthetic resources. Laws acquire popular names as they make their way through Congress. 0000013518 00000 n [3], In 1977, Congress amended the Act to require that dumping of municipal sewage sludge or industrial wastes, which unreasonably degrade the environment, to cease by December 1981.
[3][10], Under certain circumstances, each of the states is permitted to regulate ocean dumping in waters within their own jurisdiction. By July 1973, four companies with plants at 7 locations were using Sites A and B (NAS, 1975). Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Ocean Dumping Act: A Summary of the Law Congressional Research Service 4 to conduct surveillance and other appropriate enforcement activities to prevent unlawful transportation of material for dumping, or unlawful dumping. The Ocean Dumping Act is an environmental law which was enacted by the US congress to restrict dumping of materials into the ocean which would degrade and risk marine environment and human health. And as we said before, a particular law might be narrow in focus, making it both simple and sensible to move it wholesale into a particular slot in the Code. Pursuant to the Act, all sea disposals of wastes in the U.S. has been brought under full regulatory control by EPA. [9] The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is in charge of the research on the changes of the marine environment that are caused by humans. 0000005145 00000 n Nor will a full-text search of the Code necessarily reveal where all the pieces have been scattered. History books, newspapers, and other sources use the popular name to refer to these laws. Seven permits issued by the EPA in 1973 for the period of May 1 to November 1 allowed for the disposal of 84,500 tons of uncontained waste at Site A and 208,500 waste barrels at Site B, of which 55,000 barrels contained chlorinated hydrocarbons.
5. 1411 et seq.). Landfilling is currently used as an alternative to ocean dumping and other sewage sludge management strategies are under consideration including incineration (after the sludge is dewatered), composting , land application, and pelletization. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Facility or Plantship, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Plantship, 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act of 2003, 3-A Sanitary Standards and Accepted Practice.
The court held that the EPA must balance, on a case-by-case basis, all relevant statutory criteria with the economics of ocean dumping against land-based alternatives. Massachusetts Bay-MA, Barataria Terrebonne Estuary Complex-LA, Indian River Lagoon-FL, and Peconic Bay-NY were named as priority areas for consideration to the National Estuary Program by EPA. [11] After December 31, 1991, it was prohibited to dump any type of sewage sludge and industrial waste. trailer Title V launched a national coastal water quality monitoring program that directs the EPA and NOAA together to implement a long-term program to collect and analyze scientific data on the environmental quality of coastal ecosystems, including ambient water quality, health and quality of living resources, sources of environmental degradation, and data on trends. The Ocean Dumping Ban Act, enacted in 1988, significantly amended portions of the Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 and banned ocean dumping of municipal sewage sludge and industrial waste (with limited exceptions) by phased target dates. 0000001761 00000 n The four major oceans of the world are the…, Ocean dumping is internationally defined as "any deliberate disposal at sea of wastes or other matter from vessels, aircraft, platforms, or other man…, Palaeotethys There is confusion over the relationship between Tethys (or Neotethys) and Palaeotethys.
38 0 obj <> endobj 09 Nov. 2011. From 1924 to 1987, sludge dumpers used a site approximately 12 miles (19 km) off the coasts of New Jersey and New York. Public Law 96-332 provides that any marine sanctuary designation will not be effective if the Governor of an affected state finds it unacceptable, or if Congress form a concurrent of dissproval (must occur within 60 days). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 38 31 "Monitoring, Research, and Surveillance of the 106-Mile Deepwater Municipal Dump Site and Environs. This law is an amendment to the Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (Public Law 92-532), which regulates the dumping of wastes into ocean waters. Public Law 100-627 authorized appropriations of $13.5 million for Title II for Fiscal Year 1989, and $14.5 million for Fiscal Year 1990. Five Major Sections of the Gulf of Maine Regional Marine Research Program: The Ban Act also includes provisions not directly associated with dumping of sewage sludge or industrial waste at sea. port. The United States Code is meant to be an organized, logical compilation of the laws passed by Congress. At Site A, uncontained wastes were discharged through a submerged pipe into the turbulent wake of a barge. Among all sorts of activities that pollute the ocean, dumping of garbage and other waste materials stands first in the list. Pursuant to the Act, all sea disposals of wastes in the U.S. … The process of incorporating a newly-passed piece of legislation into the Code is known as "classification" -- essentially a process of deciding where in the logical organization of the Code the various parts of the particular law belong. 09 Nov. 2011. ."
Web. Bill. The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA), also known as the Ocean Dumping Act, regulates the transportation and dumping of any material into ocean waters. . The NOAA conducts general research on ocean resources and is responsible for research on the effects of ocean dumping, pollution, overfishing, and other issues caused by humans that cause changes in the marine ecosystem. ." 0000013010 00000 n 0000001838 00000 n After the 1991 deadline penalties rose to $600 per ton for any sludge dumped, and increased incrementally in each subsequent year. (September 30, 2020). After 1981, the New York and New Jersey entities were the only dumpers of sewage sludge, and there were only two companies dumping industrial waste at sea.
Three sites followed from 1992, with Congress designating Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary in Massachusetts and Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California. Our Table of Popular Names is organized alphabetically by popular name. The Ocean Dumping Act (“Act”) is a U.S. federal law, enacted in 1972, that gives the U.S. Environmental Agency (EPA) the responsibility for regulating the dumping of all materials except dredged material. Encyclopedia.com. "Ocean Dumping Ban Act (1988)
Canada has been preventing pollution from disposal at sea through permits since 1975, first under the Ocean Dumping Control Act, then the original CEPA, and now under CEPA 1999. [10] In 1986 amendments, Congress directed that ocean disposal of all wastes end at the traditional 12-mile site off the New York/New Jersey coast and that they be moved to a new site 106 miles offshore. 0000014814 00000 n The act regulates the ocean dumpin… 0000008243 00000 n Pub. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. This Act is formally known as the ‘Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act.’. [5], There are four federal agencies that share responsibilities under the Ocean Dumping Act:[9], The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the primary agency that is in charge of regulating the disposal of all substances that are disposed in the ocean; this agency also authorize the research and demonstration of activities that have to do with phasing out sewage and industrial waste disposing.
0000014288 00000 n An inventory of current research activities. Tethys was a minor arm of this…, Subduction zones occur at collision boundaries where at least one of the colliding lithospheric plates contains oceanic crust . [3][3] The Regional Marine Research Act was enacted in recognition of the value of the Nation's coastal marine waters and the need for regional research to safeguard their quality and health. 0000012600 00000 n Web.
. Environmental Encyclopedia. Oceanus 33 (Summer 1990): 23–28. The entities from New Jersey and New York continued to dump a total of approximately eight million wet metric tonnes of sewage sludge (half from New York City) annually into the ocean. [10], The violation of a permit or permit requirement carries a civil penalty of not more than $75,000 per violation that is assessed by the EPA. x�b```���l� cc`a�8� �.�m0;��Ȧ0G�/G5��*�}���k�:��09,��U��0AS���� *\. 1. ." 0000011754 00000 n The Ban Act prohibits sewage sludge and industrial wastes from being dumped at sea after December 31, 1991. Dumping restrictions were enacted for both U.S. flag vessels and materials transported from a location outside the U.S. With respect to the latter category, dumping was prohibited within the U.S. territorial sea and the U.S. contiguous zone.
The Ocean Dumping Ban Act prohibits all dumping of sewage sludge and industrial waste into the ocean, without exception. The Ban Act also established ocean dumping fees and civil fines for any dumpers that continue their activities after the mandated end date.
On the other hand, legislation often contains bundles of topically unrelated provisions that collectively respond to a particular public need or problem. 0000087960 00000 n
It could be in the form of solid or chemical materials. Instead, those who classify laws into the Code typically leave a note explaining how a particular law has been classified into the Code. Kitsos, T. R., and J. M. Bondareff. antimony, mercury, arsenic, zinc, manganese, and iron). Ocean Dumping Management The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act (MPRSA), also known as the Ocean Dumping Act, regulates the transportation and dumping of any material into ocean waters.
0000012179 00000 n These special bodies of water, like oceans and lakes, are protected by Congress to keep natural and cultural resources while allowing people to enjoy the waters. [10] This program is designed as a long-term research program to study the "possible long-range effects of pollution, overfishing, and man-induced changes of ocean ecosystems" and to conduct the research required to find dumping alternatives and to consider, in cooperation with other federal agencies, the feasibility of regional management plans for waste disposal in coastal areas. 0000043478 00000 n If the designation is not withdrawn, only the portion certified as acceptable can take effect. (Of course, this isn't always the case; some legislation deals with a fairly narrow range of related concerns.). The act has two major aims, i.e., to authorize related research and to regulate the intentional disposal of the materials in the ocean. Finally, acts may be referred to by a different name, or may have been renamed, the links will take you to the appropriate listing in the table. Web. 0000001383 00000 n One, a reference to a Public Law number, is a link to the bill as it was originally passed by Congress, and will take you to the LRC THOMAS legislative system, or GPO FDSYS site. The Ocean Dumping Ban Act of 1988 (Public Law 100-688) marked an end to almost a century of sewage sludge and industrial waste dumping into the ocean. [�y� The Ocean Dumping Act is an environmental law which was enacted by the US congress to restrict dumping of materials into the ocean which would degrade and risk marine environment and human health. Sometimes they are a way of recognizing or honoring the sponsor or creator of a particular law (as with the 'Taft-Hartley Act').